Which type of cloud is associated with violent turbulence and a tendency toward the production of funnel clouds?

Cumulonimbus mamma clouds are indeed associated with violent turbulence and can produce funnel clouds. These clouds are a type of cumulonimbus that develop in an unstable atmosphere and are often characterized by their distinct, billowy appendages that hang from the cloud base. This formation indicates significant atmospheric instability and vertical wind shear, both of which contribute to the potential for severe weather phenomena, including thunderstorms and tornadoes.

The presence of these clouds signals strong updrafts and downdrafts, creating a turbulent environment. Additionally, the occurrence of funnel clouds specifically suggests that the conditions are right for tornado development, as these features can extend down from the cloud base under certain circumstances.

In contrast, the other types of clouds listed do not exhibit the same associations with severe turbulence or funnel cloud production. Stratus clouds are generally flat and featureless, indicating stable weather. Cumulus clouds, while associated with fair weather and some convective activity, do not reach the intensity or structure of cumulonimbus. Nimbostratus clouds primarily bring steady precipitation and are also linked to stable atmospheric conditions, lacking the severe and violent weather characteristics of cumulonimbus mamma.